Gold And Granite Mines In South Africa In The 19th Century

South Africa

Coal mining in the district occurred well before the late 19th-century expansion of South Africa's mining industry. One of the earliest geologists to record mining operations …

During the late 19th century, various gold strikes (discovery of gold) occurred in areas in America, Australia, Asia and southern Africa. ... McGlashan, N.D. & Chelkowska, E.Z.: "A Century of migrant labour in the gold mines of South Africa," The Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, March 2004, pp. 65-71.

How Many Gold Rushes Were There in the 19th Century?

A deep gold mine stretching almost 250 miles was discovered in 1886 on a farm in the Transvaal region of South Africa. The area became a destination for thousands of prospectors from various countries who wanted a stake in the richest gold mine in the world. They settled a string of mining camps along a curve known as the Witwatersrand.

A Most Modern Industry: The Migrant Labour System and …

This chapter outlines the basic features of gold mining in South Africa. The structure, administration and economic significance of the mines, the key technical challenges posed by deep deposits and low-grade ore, the size and composition of the workforce, the chronic shortages of labour and oscillating migration are covered.

South Africa

South Africa - Colonial Economy, Resources, Trade: From 1770 to 1870 the region became more fully integrated into the world capitalist economy. ... Gold mining; The road to war; The South African War (1899–1902) Reconstruction, union, and segregation (1902–29) ... who were persuaded by missionaries in the early 19th century to change their ...

Digging deep : a history of mining in South Africa, 1852-2002

Digging Deep describes the establishment and unparalleled growth of mining, tracing the history of the industry from its humble beginnings where copper was first mined on a commercial …

Alluvial gold mining and trade in Nineteenth-Century South …

6 In some areas, alluvial gold was worked by shafts sunk into river banks and reef mining may have developed from this technique; see, for example, The Rhodesian Mining …

Who Controlled The Gold And Diamond Companies In South Africa

Who Controlled The Gold And Diamond Companies In South Africa. From the late 19th century until the early 21st century, South African gold and diamond companies were largely controlled by a few white-owned conglomerates. These conglomerates, such as De Beers, Anglo American, and Consolidated Mines, dominated the industry by owning and operating …

A century of migrant labour in the gold mines of South …

southern Africa3. Recruitment for gold mining A century of migrant labour in the gold mines of South Africa by J.S. Harington*, N.D. McGlashan†, and E.Z. Chelkowska‡ Synopsis Our purpose is to record and to explain the widely changing numbers of the huge total of black workers on the gold mines of South Africa over the century from 1896 to ...

Scramble for Africa: UNCOVER 19th Century SECRETS

The European Colonization of Africa in the 19th Century: A Historical Analysis. The European colonization of Africa in the 19th century was a pivotal period in history. During this time, European powers such as Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, and Portugal sought to expand their empires by establishing colonies in Africa. A key factor that contributed to the …

A century of migrant labour in the gold mines of South Africa

Gold mining employment in South Africa is shrinking. Gold mining employment fell from approximately 475 000 in 1990 to 200 000 in 2002 to 160 000 in 2009 [28, 29]. This is accompanied by high ...

Chinese Indentured Mine Labour and the Dangers …

International Journal of Osteoarchaeology Int. J. Osteoarchaeol. 26: 648–660 (2016) Published online 30 April 2015 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary) DOI: 10.1002/oa.2455 Chinese Indentured Mine Labour and the Dangers Associated with Early 20th Century Deep-level Mining on the Witwatersrand Gold Mines, South Africa A. MEYER* AND ...

19th Century AFRICA: Time TRAVEL & HISTORY

The Scramble for Africa: In the late 19th century, European powers such as Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, and Italy began to aggressively seek territorial acquisitions in Africa. The Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 formalized the partitioning of Africa among these European powers, disregarding African autonomy and existing boundaries.

The Origins of Forced Labor in the Witwatersrand

THE ORIGINS OF the forced labor system in the Witwatersrand, South Africa, can be traced back to the opening up of intensive gold mining in this region during the 1880s. For almost a century since then, forced labor in the mining industries of the Witwatersrand has characterized the South African economy.

Southern Africa

Southern Africa - Southern Africa, 1899–1945: If the Nama-Herero wars were among the most savage in colonial Africa, an equally bitter, costly colonial war was fought by Britain against the Afrikaner South African Republic. The reasons for the South African (or Anglo-Boer) War (1899–1902) remain controversial: some historians portray it in personal terms, the …

History of Gold Mining in South Africa

Gold in South Africa was first discovered in the late 19th century by two prospectors in a place called Witwatersrand, which triggered the 1886 Witwatersrand Gold Rush. This gold discovery was a turning point in the history of South Africa. It led to the change of the country from a principally agricultural society to grow […]

South Africa

South Africa - Gold Mining, Economy, History: Prospectors established in 1886 the existence of a belt of gold-bearing reefs 40 miles (60 km) wide centered on present-day …

in Late-Nineteenth-Century South Africa

late-19th-century interpretation of local and global histori cal trajectories. Introduction In March 1886 two gold prospectors, walking the land of a southern African farm, chanced upon an outcrop of the Main Reef Conglom erate, a banket of gold-bearing ore, arcing, virtually uninterrupted, for almost 100 miles. The world's greatest gold rush ...

Top 10: Gold mines in South Africa by proven mineral reserves

The discovery of gold in the late 19th century led to a gold rush that spawned the development of Johannesburg, one of South Africa's capitals, and was instrumental in the development of the country's economy and growth during the 20th century. In 2019, the mining of gold contributed approximately $23.9 billion to South Africa's GDP.

19th Century IMPERIALISM Impact

The Impact of 19th Century Imperialism on Africa: A Comprehensive Analysis. The impact of 19th-century imperialism on Africa was immense. European powers, driven by a desire for resources, markets, and prestige, exploited and colonized the African continent. This period witnessed significant changes in African societies, economies, and political structures.

Empire and High Finance: South Africa and the International Gold

18 Of the major industrialized countries, the United States was still undecided about the wholesale adoption of the gold standard and the financial and political debate was dominated by the question of whether the country should adopt a so-called 'bimetallic standard'; see, inter alia, South Africa, 13 April and 28 Sept. 1889; Rosenthal, E., Gold, Gold, Gold …

Johannesburg Timeline 1800-1991 | South African History …

14 September, The first large mining company on the Rand, the Witwatersrand Gold Mining Company Limited, better known as Knights, is formed with a capital of £210, 000. ... 27 December, The Union of South Africa abandons the gold standard. 1933 Municipal water supply is provided to Newclare. 1934

The South African Economy in the Twentieth Century

The Great Depression halted growth until South Africa left the gold standard in December 1932. The first break in our series—1934—is thus in the second year of the recovery, when gold mining in particular accelerated at unprecedented levels. The annual growth rates from 1933 to 1936 were above 11% per annum.

The Trans-Saharan Gold Trade (7th–14th Century)

From the seventh to the eleventh century, trans-Saharan trade linked the Mediterranean economies that demanded gold—and could supply salt—to the sub-Saharan economies, where gold was abundant. Although local supply of salt was sufficient in sub-Saharan Africa, the consumption of Saharan salt was promoted for trade purposes.

The Gold Trade of Ancient & Medieval West Africa

In addition, other kingdoms arose to compete with the Songhai for a share of the gold trade, especially to the west the Bornu Empire (1396-1893 CE) near Lake Chad, Hausaland (c. 1400 - c. 1800 CE) between the Niger River and Lake Chad, and, in the south, the Kingdom of Benin (13-19th century CE) in modern-day Nigeria.

Migrant mineworkers and South Africa's diplomatic …

Migrant labour has played a critical role in the diplomatic relations of South Africa for more than 100 years. The discovery of gold and diamonds in South Africa in the late 1800s transformed the country into a mining giant in Southern Africa. The South African mines needed a large number of mine workers that their country could not provide.

Cornish Miners and the Witwatersrand Gold Mines in …

Cornish Miners and the Witwatersrand Gold Mines in South Africa, c. 1890-1904 ... last third of the nineteenth century. The first was the discovery of diamonds at Kimberley in

Class struggle and migrant labor in South African gold mines.

Analyzes changes in the origins and characteristics of migrant workers from the late 19th century to the present. Explains the political and economic advantages to the government and the mines of using migrant labour on short-term contracts and its relationship with apartheid, the decreasing reliance on labour from neighbouring countries during the 1970s owing to political changes in …

Cornish Miners and the Witwatersrand Gold Mines in …

Microsoft Word - Cornish Miners Paper John Nauright.doc. Cornish Miners and the Witwatersrand Gold Mines in South Africa, c. 1890-1904. Introduction. The economy and society of …

Arrival of Chinese labourers in South Africa

A labour shortage at the gold mines on the Rand resulted in the importation of Chinese labour in 1904. This situation, in part, was the result of the Anglo-Boer War (South African War) of 1899-1902, that had displaced large numbers of the indigenous population. ... the Chamber of Commerce and the nominated Legislative Council of South Africa ...