Mechanism of the Direct Reduction of Chromite Process as a …
Direct reduction of chromite (DRC) is a promising alternative process for ferrochrome production with the potential to significantly reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions compared to conventional smelting. In DRC, chromium (Cr) and iron (Fe) from chromite ore incongruently dissolve into a molten salt, which facilitates mass transfer to a carbon (C) …
Acid Digestion of Ferrochrome Metal
Acid digestion methods are slow, but require little in the way of attention. Two alternative methods are described here. The A method is the basic method to use for most ferrochrome samples. The B method is for very stubborn samples. Method A Equipment Materials. 250-mL beaker and cover. 400-mL beaker and cover. Hotplate. Funnel (optional).
ferrochrome; all you need to know about it
Here is a simplified overview of the ferrochrome production process: 1. Mining and Beneficiation. Chromite ore is mined from deposits, and the ore undergoes beneficiation processes to remove impurities. The …
A critical review of the material characteristics, utilizations
Ferrochrome slag is a common industrial solid waste produced during the smelting of chromite in submerged arc furnaces [8].In the current production process, for every 1 ton of ferrochrome alloy manufactured, approximately 2.5 tons to 2.6 tons of chromite are consumed, resulting in the production of 1 ton to 1.2 tons of ferrochrome slag [9], [10]. ...
Influence of burning temperature and cooling methods on …
Semantic Scholar extracted view of "Influence of burning temperature and cooling methods on strength of high carbon ferrochrome slag lightweight aggregate" by Shaohua Zhang et al. ... Effects of a two-step heating process on the properties of lightweight aggregate prepared with sewage sludge and saline clay.
Use of waste ferrochromium slag as aggregate in concrete
It is produced by smelting chromite ores and ferrochromium slag is a by-product of this process . ... The performance of the ferrochrome slag as aggregate can be obtained not only for normal concretes in different strength classes but also for the alkali-activated concretes. ... using the two-electrode method based on ASTM 1760. All the tests ...
Use of Ferrochrome Slags in the South African …
The slag to metal ratio of the ferrochrome process is averaged to 1.5, therefore, for every ton of ferrochrome produced, 1.5 tons of slag is formed. Valorisation of this material could ensure not ...
An Overview of Currently Applied Ferrochrome Production …
Ferrochrome (FeCr) is the main source of chromium (Cr) units used in modern-day chromium (Cr) containing alloys. The vast majority of produced Cr is used during …
Influence of burning temperature and cooling methods on …
1. Introduction. Ferrochrome slag is a waste by-products in the manufacturing ferrochrome at 1700 °C, then water quenching.When 1 t ferrochrome are produced there will generate about 1.1–1.6 t residual slags [1].The slag presents porous and hard appearance, the bulk density is 2632–2913 kg/m 3, when they are crushed to a size of 5–20 mm, it has a …
Recovery of metal from slag/mixed metal generated in …
The grade could be improved by scrubbing or attritioning of the metal to remove surface coatings of slag. Thus, the ferrochrome could be recovered at a cost considerably lower than for furnace operations using simple beneficiation techniques. ... Existing methods followed by slag processing agencies has always been doubtful. Moreover ...
Fundamentals of Ferrochrome (FeCr) Alloy and Its Slag
Hence, ferrochrome slag is thought to be a useful raw material for production of high temperature insulation bricks, construction work using geopolymer made from chromium slag, etc. Therefore, R&D scientists are trying to find suitable uses for other applications. In this chapter, the fundamentals of ferrochrome slag chemistry are discussed.
Ferrochrome slag: A critical review of its properties, …
1. Introduction. Ferrochrome slag is a by-product of the production of ferro-chrome alloy, an essential component in stainless steel. The conventional process of ferrochrome making involves the carbothermic reduction of chromite ore where around …
(PDF) An Energy Efficient Advanced Comminution Process
Ferrochrome slag from a ty pical ferrochrome manufacturing unit from Eastern India was used in the present investigation. The density of th e slag was found to be 3.1 g/cc.
Exploring beneficial uses of ferrochrome slag: A case …
The FeCr slag products are granulated slag as well as classified slag products made by crushing and screening. A granule is tight and crystalline; typically, the granulated slag includes three different phases, which are amorphous glass phase, crystalline and zonal Fe-Mg-Cr-Al- spinals and metal drops. Niemela et al., 2007 Particulate Matter
The preparation and formation mechanism of ferrochrome slag …
Ferrochrome slag (FCS) is a common by-product generated during the sintering process of chromite in a submerged arc furnace, where temperatures can reach as high as 1700 ℃. The residual slag, separated from the alloy, is typically disposed of using stacking or landfill methods as solid waste[1], [2], [3].
The preparation and formation mechanism of ferrochrome slag …
Ferrochrome slag (FCS) is a common by-product generated during the sintering process of chromite in a submerged arc furnace, where temperatures can reach as high as 1700 ℃. The residual slag, separated from the alloy, is typically disposed of using stacking or landfill methods as solid waste [1], [2], [3]. In practical applications, air ...
Ferrochrome | SpringerLink
High-carbon ferrochrome is mainly used as alloying agent for bearing steel, tool steel, and high-speed steel with high-carbon content, additive agent for cast iron, chromium containing raw material for producing silicochromium, as well as medium-, low-, and extra-low-carbon ferrochrome by slag-free method, raw materials for producing chromium metal by …
A Short Review on Utilization of Ferrochromium Slag
ABSTRACT The ferrochromium slag is an important by-product of ferrochromium industries. Recycling and efficient utilization of the large volumes of slag generated by ferrochrome production process is a huge challenge for ferrochrome producers. This article reviews ferrochromium slag utilization with reference to refractory, ceramics and construction …
Characteristics of ferrochrome slag aggregate and its
Characteristics of ferrochrome slag aggregate and its uses as a green material in concrete – A review ... Generally, the rapid water-cooling method produces smaller (≤5 mm) dark-colored grains with a ... FCS samples were used directly as coarse aggregate in concrete without any further processing. Their nominal size was reported to be ...
Recovery of metal from slag/mixed metal generated in …
The dump at the ferrochrome plant, Bamnipal, containing valuable ferrochrome justified the construction of a "metal from slag recovery plant", if a suitable process could be developed. This paper describes the outcome of the studies carried out at R&D, Tata Steel to develop a flow-sheet for this "metal from slag" recovery plant using ...
Environmental and technical assessment of ferrochrome slag …
In ferrochrome manufacturing process, the slag is a reactive medium, where most of the reduction reaction takes place. Ferrochrome ... Materials and methods. The ferrochrome slag samples were collected from the operating plants of ferrochrome industry with submerged arc electric furnaces, situated in Kalinganagar industrial complex, Odisha ...
Review Ferrochrome slag: A critical review of its properties
Introduction. Ferrochrome slag is a by-product of the production of ferro-chrome alloy, an essential component in stainless steel. The conventional process of ferrochrome …
A critical review of the material characteristics, utilizations
Ferrochrome slag is a common industrial solid waste produced during the smelting of chromite in submerged arc furnaces [8].In the current production process, for …
[PDF] Mineralogical characterisation and separation studies …
DOI: 10.37190/ppmp/119016 Corpus ID: 216273903; Mineralogical characterisation and separation studies on the recovery of Cr2O3 in the high carbon ferrochrome slag @article{Chang2020MineralogicalCA, title={Mineralogical characterisation and separation studies on the recovery of Cr2O3 in the high carbon ferrochrome slag}, author={Jing Chang …
Oxidation of Ferrochrome Slag Using CO2: A Possible O2
Most importantly, these studies exhibited the utilization of industrial waste materials (slag) as an attractive candidate to be used as an oxygen carrier in CLC process. Since LD and ferrochrome slag have similar oxide constituents such as FeO x, Cr 2 O 3, Al 2 O 3, MgO, and TiO 2, it is expected that the ferrochrome slag can also be used a ...
Review Ferrochrome slag: A critical review of its properties
Introduction. Ferrochrome slag is a by-product of the production of ferro-chrome alloy, an essential component in stainless steel. The conventional process of ferrochrome making involves the carbothermic reduction of chromite ore where around 1.2–1.5 tons of slag containing approximately 8–12% of chromium oxide is generated per ton of hot metal (Jena …
CHARACTERIZATION OF FERROCHROME SMELTER …
Figure 2. 4: Ferrochrome smelting slag at 1600 QC containing non-dissolvedPAC (Hayes, 2004) : 21 Figure 2. 5: Ferrochrome smelting slag "slowcooled" from the furnace showing the precipitationofsecondary spinel (Hayes, 2004) 21 Figure 2.6: Typical slag processing at laboratory 23 Figure 2. 7: Calibration curve for Cr in a FeCralloy (Willis, 2004) 30
Production of Ferro-Chrome – IspatGuru
However, these process are unattractive because of the high temperature (around 2100 deg C) needed for decreasing the C content to within the specification of LC Fe-Cr as well as due to the losses of Cr which takes place during the process. Hence, these methods for the decrease of C of the HC Fe-Cr are used mostly for the production of MC Fe-Cr ...
Melting Ferrochrome Using Chrome-Ore Briquettes
Results are provided for experimental-industrial tests of high-carbon ferrochrome smelting with partial replacement of the basic chromium ore with chromium ore briquettes produced by OJSC Donskoi Ore Mining and Processing Plant in an amount of 20–40% of the chromium ore raw material supplied to TNC Kazchrome JSC Aksu Ferroalloys Plant …
An Energy Efficient Advanced Comminution Process to …
the present work is to study the ferrochrome material using an energy-efficient advanced comminution technique to prepare the feed material for downstream process to recover more valuable minerals therein. 2. Materials and Methods 2.1. Ferrochrome Slag Ferrochrome slag from a typical ferrochrome manufacturing unit from Eastern India
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