Chlorination Kinetics Of Aluminum Bearing Minerals

The chlorination kinetics of zirconium dioxide in the …

The kinetics of the chlorination of compacted spherical pellets of zirconium dioxide and carbon were studied over a particle temperature range of 1400 to 1950 K. A plasma of pure chlorine generated by an induction torch provided both the high-enthalpy field and the reacting gas. The influence on the rate of conversion of temperature, chlorine concentration and carbon content …

Kinetic study on the chlorination of β-spodumene for …

In this paper, the kinetics chlorination of β-spodumene for the extraction of lithium has been studied using gaseous chlorine as chlorinating agent. ... Chlorination kinetics of aluminum bearing minerals. Metall. Trans. B, 6 (2) (1975), pp. 207-214. View in Scopus Google Scholar [4]

Extraction of valuable metals from low-grade nickel

The chlorination roasting process was determined using differential thermal and thermogravimetric analysis (DTA-TG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermodynamic analysis of chlorination reactions. The kinetics of chlorination process based on the thermal analysis data are analyzed by Kissinger method and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) method, and the ...

Chlorination Roasting of Li-Bearing Minerals and Slags

Lithium was recovered from both Li-bearing minerals (kunzite, hiddenite, and lepidolite) and Li-bearing slags, using a chlorination roasting process at 1100 °C under an argon atmosphere. According to the XRD analysis, gehlenite (Ca2Al2SiO7) and lithium aluminate (LiAlO2) constitute the main phases in the LIB recycling slag. The major mineral phases detected were …

Chlorination kinetics of aluminum bearing minerals

The chlorination of alumina in kaolinitic clay with Cl2 and CO gas mixtures was studied gravimetrically. The effects of the calcination method and of NaCl addition on the reactivity of …

Reaction characteristics and kinetics of gallium in …

separation, chlorination roasting is one of the most effec-tive methods for gallium recovery [10]. Han et al. [11] studied the chlorination roasting recycling process of gal-lium in V-leaching slag and found that temperature and quantity of chlorination agent are the major factors af-fecting the volatilization rate of gallium. They found that

Review on accelerated carbonation of calcium-bearing minerals

For highly hydraulic calcium-bearing minerals like C 3 S and β-C 2 S, carbonation occurs in an alkaline environment [48] and involves three steps [[49], [50], [51]]. (1) Dissolution of the calcium-bearing minerals in pore solution, which causes leaching of Ca 2+, OH − and H 4 SiO 4 −, and increases the pH of the solution. The leaching ...

Direct Extraction of Nickel and Copper from Low-Grade …

A new extraction technology of chlorination roasting with a mixture of MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O and NaCl was investigated to co-extract nickel and copper from low-grade nickel ores. The effects of some key factors on the extraction of nickel, copper, and iron were studied, and the results show that,when the roasting temperature is 850°C, the roasting time is 1.5 h, the mass …

Carbochlorination of metal oxides with phosgene

Kinetics of the carbochlorination with phosgene of an alumina-silica material are reported for a temperature range of 723 to 1,023 K and a phosgene partial pressure range of 4 to 90 kPa. The oxides react in a constant ratio over most of the conversion range and the grain model accurately predicts conversion as a function of time.

Surface Reactions of Chlorine With γ-Alumina

The reaction of chlorine with γ-alumina was studied in the temperature range 300–1070 K by thermogravimetry and also by pulse and volumetric adsorption methods.

Bauxite Processing via Chloride Route to Produce Chloride

It appears that the requirement of close physical contact posed difficulties in the chlorination of plagioclase. Fluidized-bed reactors have been reported to work very well, however, for the D D …

Kinetic study of chlorination of niobium (V) oxide with chlorine …

Extraction of metal from metal oxides resided in ores or minerals by chloride process can be described briefly as follows: in the presence of a reductant, solid metal oxide reacts with a gaseous chlorinating agent to form metal chlorides and the oxide of the reductant. ... Chlorination kinetics of aluminum bearing minerals. Metall. Trans. B ...

The selective chlorination of nickel and copper from low …

The FeCl 3 from the chlorination of the iron-bearing mineral phases participate will also be decomposed into FeCl 2 and Cl 2 gas (Eq. (11)) [35]. Additionally, the generated NH 3 and Cl 2 will ...

Recovery and kinetics of gold and vanadium from vanadium-bearing …

The apparent activation energy of the high-temperature chlorination of gold and the acid leaching of vanadium from calcined slag is calculated to be E = 71.61kJ/mol and 40.82kJ/mol, respectively. Suggested that gold recovery from vanadium-bearing carbonaceous gold ores was achieved using chlorination heat treatment.

Kinetics and mechanisms of leaching of rare earth elements …

Introduction. REEs are a group of fifteen lanthanides in addition to Sc and Y. They are divided in two sub-groups: light rare earth elements (LREEs) comprising La to Eu and heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) including Gd to Lu plus Y (Jordens et al., 2013, Ramos et al., 2016).Their unique magnetic, optical and chemical properties are originated from the presence …

Chemical Processing of Bauxite: Alumina and Silica Minerals…

In Fig. 4.1, the numbers 150-200-250 on the graphs of equilibrium relate to caustic soda concentrations in Na 2 CO 3.A/C denotes aluminate ion concentration as Al 2 O 3 (A)/caustic soda concentration as Na 2 CO 3 (C). A typical Bayer process cycle with low temperature digestion is also shown. Virtually each bauxite contains more or less amount of clay minerals, …

Co-extraction of valuable metals and kinetics analysis in chlorination …

After 1 h roasting, Ni-bearing and Fe-bearing minerals are transformed into the corresponding chlorinated metalâˆ'ammonium complexes, and the copper in chalcopyrite is transformed into NH4CuCl3, CuCl and CuCl2. ... of condensate collected on cooling 3.6 Analysis of chlorination kinetics The non-isothermal DTA, TG and DTG curves of the ...

High temperature chlorination of titanium bearing minerals…

A mechanism is proposed for the reaction, TiO2+ 2C+ 2Cl2 → TiCl4 + 2CO which accounts for its observed autocatalytic characteristics. A titanium oxychloride species transports the titanium from the titania particle surface to the carbon. Chlorine is not involved in the attack on the titania lattice and the chlorine concentration has but slight effect on the reaction rate. Both titania and ...

Chlorination Kinetics of Aluminum Bearing Minerals

Language Label Description Also known as; English: Chlorination Kinetics of Aluminum Bearing Minerals. publication (OP) published in 1975

Bauxite Processing via Chloride Route to Produce Chloride

Al 2 O 3 and other aluminium bearing minerals such as bauxite, clay minerals can be carbochlorinated to AlCl 3 and other chlorides by reaction of chlorine in presence of carbon or carbon monoxide (CO). ... A. Landsberg, Chlorination Kinetics of Aluminium Bearing Minerals. Metall. Trans. B 6(B), 207–214 (1975)

The selective chlorination of nickel and copper from low …

Anhydrous aluminum chloride (AlCl 3, AR) was used as the chlorination agent in the roasting process.High purity nitrogen gas (N 2, >99.999%) and oxygen gas (O 2, >99.9%) were used to make a mixed gas with different oxygen content in the roasting atmosphere.. 2.2. Procedure and methods. The experiment includes two parts, roasting process following by a …

Reaction characteristics and kinetics of gallium in chlorination …

The mineral composition of copper tailings was examined, and the phase analysis of gallium was conducted for recovery of the rare scattered metal gallium from copper tailings. The reaction characteristics and kinetics of gallium in the chlorination roasting of copper tailings were investigated in a tube furnace apparatus under different conditions, including …

Chlorination kinetics of aluminum bearing minerals

Chlorination Kinetics Bearing Minerals of Aluminum A. LANDSBERG The chlorination of domestic low-grade bauxite and kaolin clay was studied to determine the potential of these materials as sources of aluminun chloride for the chlorination/ electrowinning route to aluminum metal. The reactivity of pure alumina was found to be representative of bauxite chlorination.

Kinetics of selective chlorination of pre-reduced limonitic …

The selective chlorination tests were performed on a horizontal tubular furnace as shown in Fig. 1.The heating zone length of the furnace is 40 cm.An alundum tube with an inside diameter of 25 mm was inserted in the furnace.As an experimental procedure, about 10 g reduced ore loaded on a ceramic boat which was then placed in the middle of alundum tube; gas lines …

Simultaneous Extraction of Gold and Vanadium From …

Experimental Materials. The flotation process acquired the sample gold ores from a specific gold mine in the Chinese province of Shanxi. As shown in Figure 1 and Table I, the most abundant gangue minerals were pyrite, quartz, muscovite, and carbonaceous matter, and the most valued compositions were gold (21.11 g/t) and vanadium (0.1 g/t), respectively (1.05 …

Chlorination kinetics of fluorine-fixed rare earth concentrate

The focus of this note is to investigate chlorination kinetics of the rare earth concentrates after fluorine fixation with magnesium oxide. ... decomposition of difficult-to-dissolve REE-bearing minerals into soluble forms; and (2) liberation of REE-bearing minerals encapsulated in clays after calcination due to the dehydration and ...

Metals | Free Full-Text | Literature Review and Thermodynamic Modelling

The use of chlorine gas and chloride bearing salts in mineral beneficiation is the least considered process due to the toxicity of chlorine gas that may be generated alongside the products, and the high cost of corrosion resistant equipment needed for the process. However, there are several benefits of chlorine metallurgy in minerals processing.

The selective chlorination of nickel and copper from low …

TAK (thermal analytic kinetics) were used to clarify the chlorination kinetics, the results showed that the apparent activation energy calculated from DSC data was 70.4 kJ·mol −1, while calculated from TG data was 86.5 kJ·mol −1 (average) by using the FWO method, one of the most probable mechanism function of the chlorination process was ...

Carbochlorination of Aluminum from Non-Bauxite Sources

There has been increased interest in the United States in developing the technology to recover aluminum from non-bauxite sources stemming from a need to develop domestic aluminum sources.1, 2 Several domestic sources of aluminum have been defined by the U.S. Bureau of Mines;3 the types and approximate tonnages of these are listed in Table I. Patterson and …

Co-Extraction of Aluminum and Silicon and Kinetics Analysis …

The impact of various process parameters on the chlorination efficiency was investigated, and the chlorination mechanism and kinetics of aluminum and silicon …